The Oracle Database (commonly referred to as Oracle RDBMS or simply as Oracle) is an object-relational database management system (ORDBMS) produced and marketed by Oracle Corporation.
Database Schema
Oracle database conventions refer to defined groups of object ownership (generally associated with a "username") as schemas.
Most Oracle database installations traditionally came with a default schema called SCOTT. After the installation process has set up the sample tables, the user can log into the database with the username scott and the password tiger. The name of the SCOTT schema originated with Bruce Scott, one of the first employees at Oracle (then Software Development Laboratories), who had a cat named Tiger.
Oracle Corporation has de-emphasized the use of the SCOTT schema, as it uses few of the features of the more recent releases of Oracle. Most recent examples supplied by Oracle Corporation reference the default HR or OE schemas.
Other default schemas include:
Database Schema
Oracle database conventions refer to defined groups of object ownership (generally associated with a "username") as schemas.
Most Oracle database installations traditionally came with a default schema called SCOTT. After the installation process has set up the sample tables, the user can log into the database with the username scott and the password tiger. The name of the SCOTT schema originated with Bruce Scott, one of the first employees at Oracle (then Software Development Laboratories), who had a cat named Tiger.
Oracle Corporation has de-emphasized the use of the SCOTT schema, as it uses few of the features of the more recent releases of Oracle. Most recent examples supplied by Oracle Corporation reference the default HR or OE schemas.
Other default schemas include:
- SYS (essential core database structures and utilities)
- SYSTEM (additional core database structures and utilities, and privileged account)
- OUTLN (utilized to store metadata for stored outlines for stable query-optimizer execution plans.[11]
- BI, IX, HR, OE, PM, and SH (expanded sample schemas[12] containing more data and structures than the older SCOTT schema).
Version numbering
Oracle products follow a custom release numbering and naming convention. With the Oracle RDBMS 10g release, Oracle Corporation began using the "10g" label in all versions of its major products, although some sources refer to Oracle Applications Release 11i as Oracle 11i.The suffixes "i" and "g" do not actually represent a low-order part of the version number, as letters typically represent in software industry version numbering; that is, there is no predecessor version of Oracle 10g called Oracle 10f. Instead, the letters stand for "internet" and "grid", respectively. Consequently many simply drop the "g" or "i" suffix when referring to specific versions of an Oracle product.
Major database-related products and some of their versions include:
- Oracle Application Server 10g (also known as "Oracle AS 10g"): a middleware product;
- Oracle Applications Release 11i (aka Oracle e-Business Suite, Oracle Financials or Oracle 11i): a suite of business applications;
- Oracle Developer Suite 10g (9.0.4);
- Oracle JDeveloper 10g: a Java integrated development environment;
Since version 5, Oracle's RDBMS release numbering has used the following codes:
- Oracle v5
- Oracle v6
- Oracle7: 7.0.16–7.3.4
- Oracle8 Database: 8.0.3–8.0.6
- Oracle8i Database Release 1: 8.1.5.0–8.1.5.1
- Oracle8i Database Release 2: 8.1.6.0–8.1.6.3
- Oracle8i Database Release 3: 8.1.7.0–8.1.7.4
- Oracle9i Database Release 1: 9.0.1.0–9.0.1.5 (patchset as of December 2003)
- Oracle9i Database Release 2: 9.2.0.1–9.2.0.8 (patchset as of April 2007)
- Oracle Database 10g Release 1: 10.1.0.2–10.1.0.5 (patchset as of February 2006)
- Oracle Database 10g Release 2: 10.2.0.1–10.2.0.5 (patchset as of April 2010)
- Oracle Database 11g Release 1: 11.1.0.6–11.1.0.7 (patchset as of September 2008)
- Oracle Database 11g Release 2: 11.2.0.1–11.2.0.3 (patchset as of September 2011)
The version-numbering syntax within each release follows the pattern: major.maintenance.application-server.component-specific.platform-specific.
For example, "10.2.0.1 for 64-bit Solaris" means: 10th major version of Oracle, maintenance level 2, Oracle Application Server (OracleAS) 0, level 1 for Solaris 64-bit.
Over and above the different versions of the Oracle database management software developed over time, Oracle Corporation subdivides its product into varying "editions" - apparently for marketing and license-tracking reasons.
The Oracle Database Product Family
Oracle Database is available in five editions, each suitable for different development and deployment scenarios. Oracle also offers several database options, packs, and other products that enhance the capabilities of Oracle Database for specific application purposes. This section describes the Oracle Database editions. The database enhancement products are described in Chapter 2, "Options and Packs".
Oracle Database Standard Edition One. Oracle Database Standard Edition One delivers unprecedented ease of use, power, and performance for workgroup, department-level, and Web applications. From single-server environments for small business to highly distributed branch environments, Oracle Database Standard Edition One includes all the facilities necessary to build business-critical applications.
Oracle Database Standard Edition. Oracle Database Standard Edition delivers the unprecedented ease of use, power, and performance of Standard Edition One, with support for larger machines and clustering of services with Oracle Real Application Clusters (Oracle RAC). Oracle RAC is not included in the Standard Edition of releases prior to Oracle Database 10g, nor is it an available option with those earlier releases.
Oracle Database Enterprise Edition. Oracle Database Enterprise Edition provides the performance, availability, scalability, and security required for mission-critical applications such as high-volume online transaction processing (OLTP) applications, query-intensive data warehouses, and demanding Internet applications..
Oracle Database Express Edition. Oracle Database Express Edition (Oracle Database XE) is an entry-level edition of Oracle Database that is quick to download, simple to install and manage, and is free to develop, deploy, and distribute. Oracle Database XE makes it easy to upgrade to the other editions of Oracle without costly and complex migrations. Oracle Database XE can be installed on any size machine with any number of CPUs, stores up to 4GB of user data, using up to 1GB of memory, and using only one CPU on the host machine. Support is provided by an online forum.
Oracle Database Personal Edition. Oracle Database Personal Edition supports single-user development and deployment environments that require full compatibility with Oracle Database Standard Edition One, Oracle Database Standard Edition, and Oracle Database Enterprise Edition.
Personal Edition includes all of the components that are included with Enterprise Edition, as well as all of the options that are available with Enterprise Edition, with the exception of the Oracle Real Application Clusters option, which cannot be used with Personal Edition. Personal Edition is available on Windows platforms only. The Management Packs are not included in Personal Edition.
Standalone tools
Users can develop their own applications in Java and PL/SQL using tools such as:
For example, "10.2.0.1 for 64-bit Solaris" means: 10th major version of Oracle, maintenance level 2, Oracle Application Server (OracleAS) 0, level 1 for Solaris 64-bit.
Over and above the different versions of the Oracle database management software developed over time, Oracle Corporation subdivides its product into varying "editions" - apparently for marketing and license-tracking reasons.
The Oracle Database Product Family
Oracle Database is available in five editions, each suitable for different development and deployment scenarios. Oracle also offers several database options, packs, and other products that enhance the capabilities of Oracle Database for specific application purposes. This section describes the Oracle Database editions. The database enhancement products are described in Chapter 2, "Options and Packs".
Oracle Database Standard Edition One. Oracle Database Standard Edition One delivers unprecedented ease of use, power, and performance for workgroup, department-level, and Web applications. From single-server environments for small business to highly distributed branch environments, Oracle Database Standard Edition One includes all the facilities necessary to build business-critical applications.
Oracle Database Standard Edition. Oracle Database Standard Edition delivers the unprecedented ease of use, power, and performance of Standard Edition One, with support for larger machines and clustering of services with Oracle Real Application Clusters (Oracle RAC). Oracle RAC is not included in the Standard Edition of releases prior to Oracle Database 10g, nor is it an available option with those earlier releases.
Oracle Database Enterprise Edition. Oracle Database Enterprise Edition provides the performance, availability, scalability, and security required for mission-critical applications such as high-volume online transaction processing (OLTP) applications, query-intensive data warehouses, and demanding Internet applications..
Oracle Database Express Edition. Oracle Database Express Edition (Oracle Database XE) is an entry-level edition of Oracle Database that is quick to download, simple to install and manage, and is free to develop, deploy, and distribute. Oracle Database XE makes it easy to upgrade to the other editions of Oracle without costly and complex migrations. Oracle Database XE can be installed on any size machine with any number of CPUs, stores up to 4GB of user data, using up to 1GB of memory, and using only one CPU on the host machine. Support is provided by an online forum.
Oracle Database Personal Edition. Oracle Database Personal Edition supports single-user development and deployment environments that require full compatibility with Oracle Database Standard Edition One, Oracle Database Standard Edition, and Oracle Database Enterprise Edition.
Personal Edition includes all of the components that are included with Enterprise Edition, as well as all of the options that are available with Enterprise Edition, with the exception of the Oracle Real Application Clusters option, which cannot be used with Personal Edition. Personal Edition is available on Windows platforms only. The Management Packs are not included in Personal Edition.
Standalone tools
Users can develop their own applications in Java and PL/SQL using tools such as:
- Oracle JDeveloper
- Oracle Forms
- Oracle Reports
Oracle Certification Program
The Oracle Certification Program, a professional certification program, includes the administration of Oracle Databases as one of its main certification paths. It contains three levels:
The Oracle Certification Program, a professional certification program, includes the administration of Oracle Databases as one of its main certification paths. It contains three levels:
- Oracle Certified Associate (OCA)
- Oracle Certified Professional (OCP)
- Oracle Certified Master (OCM)
source: wikipedia & oracle
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